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September 2017 - Answers With Joe

Month: September, 2017

Mind Hacking Happiness With Sean Webb

In this podcast, I’m thrilled to be talking to Sean Webb about his new book, Mind Hacking Happiness (Volumes 1 & 2). Sean is a counselor, author, media personality and something of an expert on emotions. In this episode we talk about how we break past our mental attachments, enlightenment experiences, a simple hack to keep your emotions from spiraling out of control, the newest science on consciousness, and how to gain control of your mind. You can find much much more at Sean’s YouTube Channel.

Find all of my podcasts and YouTube videos at www.answerswithjoe.com

 

5 Major Problems With The Big Bang Theory


The Big Bang Theory is by far the most accepted theory surrounding the origin of our universe – but it’s not perfect. Here are 5 unsolved mysteries surrounding the Big Bang.

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From the concepts of George Lemaitre and Edwin Hubble, the Big Bang Theory developed to explain the expansion of our universe, the development of the four fundamental forces and the standard model of particle physics.

Another theory, called Ekpyrotic Theory, attempts to explain the holes in the Big Bang Theory by merging general relativity with string theory.

For more on these subjects, check out the links below:

The story about the German physicist’s reinterpretation of the CMB: http://nautil.us/issue/15/turbulence/…

http://discovermagazine.com/2008/apr/…

http://www.space.com/24781-big-bang-t…

http://www.learning-mind.com/5-most-i…

http://science.howstuffworks.com/dict…

http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/le…

Ekpyrotic theory

http://wwwphy.princeton.edu/~steinh/npr/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekpyrot…

The Wow Signal – Actual Proof Of Alien Life?

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The Wow Signal is a 72-second radio burst that was recorded in 1977 that has defied explanation for 40 years, leading many to believe it might be proof of intelligent life.

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LINKS LINKS LINKS:

SciShow

Fraser Cain

Graph: By Maxrossomachin – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index…

https://www.livescience.com/59442-ast…

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TRANSCRIPT:

SETI, or the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, has access to telescopes all around the world, constantly scanning the sky for signals of alien communication.

Processing all of this information is a gargantuan task that would require a massive supercomputer that SETI can’t quite afford. So they came up with a brilliant idea.

It’s called SETI at home. It’s a program you can install on your computer that processes tiny parts of that data in the background.

Spreading that data across thousands of computers around the world, they’re able to crank through mountains of information, without the mountainous cost of a supercomputer.

But back in the 70’s none of that existed. Signals from space had to be printed out and processed by hand.

Which is exactly what astronomer Jerry Ehman was doing on August 18th, 1977. He was going over reams of printouts when he found a massive spike in a certain frequency of radio wave.

It was a spike 30 times higher than the background noise, and it was so noteworthy, he literally wrote “Wow” on the page.

It has since become known as the wow signal, and it’s still confusing scientists 40 years later.

The Big Ear went into operation in 1963 and was initially put to use on the Ohio Sky Survey, which catalogued nearly 20,000 sources of radio waves between 1965 and 1971.

Since it was on the ground, the telescope basically used the rotation of the Earth to scan across the sky.

When it measured a radio signal, they could infer by the time of day what direction the telescope was pointing and match that with visual sky surveys to figure out what star or galaxy it came from.

In 1956 on the grounds of Ohio Wesleyan University, construction crews broke ground on a massive telescope the size of three football fields to monitor the sky for radio signals from deep space.

It was officially known as the Ohio State University Radio Observatory, because it was actually run by Ohio State, but it was more well known by its nickname. The Big Ear.

The Big Ear went into operation in 1963 and was initially put to use on the Ohio Sky Survey, which catalogued nearly 20,000 sources of radio waves between 1965 and 1971.

Since it was on the ground, the telescope basically used the rotation of the Earth to scan across the sky.

When it measured a radio signal, they could infer by the time of day what direction the telescope was pointing and match that with visual sky surveys to figure out what star or galaxy it came from.

So a popular misconception with the wow signal is that 6EQUJ5 is some kind of alien code that we received but it’s actually just a measure of signal strength.

Ehrman and others immediately started pointing telescopes at the spot where the signal originated, which is in the constellation Sagittarius, but nothing has ever shown up.

So, it’s not a star or galaxy or pulsar or black hole because we’d pick up more signals from that location. As far as we know, and we’ve looked there a lot at this point, there’s nothing there.

At least, no cosmic body that would normally produce a radio stream like that.

But the mystery actually gets deeper. Because the frequency that this signal was found on was 1420 MHz. And if you were paying attention in last week’s video about the Voyager missions, 1420 mHz is the frequency that hydrogen atoms expel photons during hyperfine transitions.

(also known as 21-centimeter line or hydrogen line)

This same frequency was used by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake when creating the Pioneer and Voyager plaques as a way to communicate with an alien species should they ever come across the spacecraft.

The Matrioshka Brain: How To Turn The Solar System Into A Computer


It’s the ultimate computer. Capable of simulating entire universes and powered by the sun. Watch to learn about the Matryoshka Brain.

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A Matryoshka Brain is considered a Type 2 stellar engine, a machine that is powered by a star. The idea of a Matrioshka Brain is to stack multiple Dyson Spheres inside each other to collect all the energy coming out of a star and connect those spheres into a massive computer. It’s thought that civilizations that create a Matryoshka brain would upload their consciousnesses into the computer and live in the computer as a simulation.

Check out this video from Isaac Arthur for a DEEP dive into the mechanics and physics behind the Matrioshka Brain:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ef-mx…

Want to help out with SETI at home?

Go here: http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu

SETI at Home info: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_aIJV…

SETI computer screen video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAcFI…

Other Links:

http://renaudroche.com/dyson-sphere

http://earthsky.org/space/what-is-a-d…

http://io9.gizmodo.com/12-ways-humani…

https://www.artstation.com/artwork/2d92A

http://www.popularmechanics.com/space…

http://www.planetaryresources.com/#ho…

The Dark Side Of The Singularity


Or… How To Not Be A Horse. Automation and AI promise to usher in an era of amazing productivity and innovation. But they also threaten our very way of life.

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LINKS LINKS LINKS:

Tony Seba’s talk about why transportation and energy will be obsolete by 2030: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kxryv…

http://www.chicagotribune.com/classif…

Okuma Automation:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3d-kP…

CNet News on the automated Amazon fulfillment centers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtBa9…

Fully Charged – Self-Driving Nissan Leaf: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfRqN…

 

 

Partial Transcript:

For hundreds, even thousands of years, the horse was humanity’s go-to form of transportation. And in 13 years, that all changed.

Right now, we are on the cusp of a technological disruption that will make the switch from horses to cars look like switching from Coke to Pepsi.

So we talk a lot on this channel about exponential growth, artificial intelligence, the singularity, and that’s a lot of fun, but there is a dark side to all this change, one that really needs to be talked about because the way we respond to it is going to significantly alter our future as a species.

The BBC released a report just a few weeks ago that said that 30% of jobs are going to go away in the next 10 years because of automation.

In the U.S., we’ve heard a lot over the last election about the proverbial coal miners and our current president specifically campaigning to bring back coal jobs.

But coal is just one of hundreds of industries that are taking advantage of employees that can work 24/7, never need a bathroom break, never sleep, never make a mistake and work twice as fast. Oh, and you don’t have to pay them.

Factories already decimated by outsourcing are now losing even more jobs to automation. And as automation becomes more sophisticated, more industries are at risk.

The transportation sector actually makes up 25% of the jobs in the United States, if you can believe that. A full quarter of the population. And autonomous cars… They’re pretty much here, guys.

Famously, the Tesla Model 3, going into production this year, will have autonomous capability, though it may not have the software available, it will have the hardware ready for it.

But less famously, there are a lot of other car companies trying to beat Tesla to market with this. Nissan has a fully self-driving prototype in development that they took a drive in on Fully Charged and it was spooky how good it was.

Cadillac is so bullish on self-driving technology, they spent millions of dollars to create a lidar map of every highway in the United States using their own proprietary system.

This way their cars won’t just rely on sensors and GPS to find their way, the Cadillac system will contain a 3D map of everything, including the roadsigns.

Google’s working on a car, Apple supposedly is working on a car, but the people who are really big on this technology are the service providers.

Uber made over 2 billion dollars last year. Imagine how much they could make if they didn’t have to pay their drivers…

Uber has been working for years on a transportation fleet of autonomous cars, and even Ford has made some intentions known of pivoting in a similar direction.

Many are predicting that cars will go from a retail industry to a service industry, with Peter Diamandis saying that in ten years, car ownership will be an outdated idea.

The fact of the matter is, you can be for automation or against it, you can agree with its use or not, but this is happening. And we need to be ready for it.

Some people are talking about a basic minimum income, a flat amount of money that everybody in a society makes, as a safety net to keep people above water. This is an interesting idea that’s even being tested in some places.

There is a coming change on a fundamental and massive level in this world. One that is filled with amazing advancements and technological wonders. The question is, will we be able to change with it?

Why Is The Speed Of Light The Speed Of Light?


You may be familiar with the speed of light, but the reason it exists and how we discovered it is pretty fascinating.

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LINKS LINKS LINKS:

PBS Space Time videos:

The Speed of Light is NOT About Light

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msVuC…

The Geometry of Causality

https://youtu.be/1YFrISfN7jo

http://www.iflscience.com/space/solar…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_o…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lene_Hau

https://aeon.co/essays/why-is-the-spe…

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/s…

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Transcript:

So when we talk about the speed of light, the first thing to remember is that light is just a sliver of the entire electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from gamma rays to radio waves.

So we’re really talking about the speed of electromagnetism.

James Clerk Maxwell was the genius who first described the properties of electromagnetism into physics equations.

From these equations, we can calculate the speed of light 299,792 kilometers per second.

Einstein was able to prove his theory of special relativity that the closer you get to the speed of light, the more time slows down for a person in that relative frame.

And if you were to go the speed of light, time would stop altogether.

So if you were able to travel faster than light through spacetime, time itself would actually flip. Time would go backward. And that would break causality.

The effect would precede cause, which is impossible. The speed of light is the speed of causality.

The other prediction that supports a speed limit is the idea that inertia increases as velocity approaches the speed of light.That means mass increases.

So mass is a speed impediment. Nothing that has mass can go the speed of light.

But if you are massless, you can only go the speed of light, because you have no speed impediments. And photons are massless particles.

Particles that must travel at the speed of light and because they are traveling at the speed of light, time stands still from its point of view.

So really, that video I talked about earlier is all wrong, from the perspective of the photon, that journey would have occurred instantly.

So when you look at a star at night, that massless photon might have traveled a million light-years to reach you, but its experience was instantaneous.

Now there is another theory that’s a little controversial but starting to gain some ground.

It says that the speed of light is actually caused by quantum vacuum fluctuations.

See, quantum field theory claims that empty space is actually not empty at all but filled with quantum fluctuations and virtual particles popping in and out of existence.

And two different teams of researchers have calculated c using electromagnetic properties of the quantum vacuum, so it could be that the quantum foam of virtual particles and fluctuations may be slowing the speed of light.

But what if the speed of light wasn’t the speed of light?

What if Galileo was right and the speed is infinite?

Then nothing would exist. Because matter is made of energy, it would take infinite energy to create any mass. Time and space wouldn’t exist because all things communicate with each other instantaneously. Cause and effect wouldn’t exist.

But if the speed of light were slower, that might be even cooler. Because then we could see all the way back to the big bang.

The speed of light, of course, is just one of many constants in the universe, like gravity, the specific charges and masses of the fundamental particles, quantum effects, and the list goes on.

A whole handful of very specific constants that if they were just a little bit different, we would never exist.

The Bootes Void: A Giant Hole in the Universe


The Boötes Void is giant super void spanning 250 million light years across with almost nothing in it. Its existence has challenged astronomers for decades.

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LINKS LINKS LINKS:

Isaac Arthur’s YouTube channel:

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZFi…

http://io9.gizmodo.com/5923493/behold…

Photo credits:

Kansastravel.org

albawaba.com

astrobob historicmysteries.com

Foam: foams@aber

Video credits Daniel Cortese – alien invasion montage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rp2tW…

Have We Found Planet X?


There’s been a lot of noise, especially on social media, about a possible 9th planet being found in the solar system.

Is it real? What’s the evidence? And is this a new thing?

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The ancient Greeks only knew about 5 planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.

Then in the late 1700s, William Herschel used a new telescope technology to find Uranus. But a wobble in its orbit suggested the presence of another planet…

Using this wobble, mathematicians calculated the position of this 8th planet in 1847, and Neptune was discovered. It was the only planet discovered by math.

Today, astronomers have discovered several asteroids from the Kuiper Belt that have very similar elliptical orbits through the solar system that are so close that it is only a 1 in 15,000 chance of happening at random.

And they are using similar math to map the location of a 9th planet, but one that is very different from the ones we know.

This planet would orbit far outside our current solar system and would take 15,000 years to orbit.

Time will tell whether this proposed planet will be found, but scientists studying the phenomenon at the Subaru Observatory in Hawaii believe they’ll have an answer in 5 years.

Sciencemag article on Planet X

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/0…

Uranus Perturbations

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SBiDr…

An article on perturbations

http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/le…

The History of the word “planet”

http://www.space.com/5743-storied-his…

Retrograde motion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lltkA…

Why Teleportation Would Most Likely Kill You


Teleportation has been a staple of science fiction and futurism for decades. But is it all it’s cracked up to be?

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From the story of Gil Perez in 1593 to the Philadelphia Experiment in 1943 to Star Trek, the idea of teleportation is one that captures our collective imaginations. But would the process of taking you apart atom by atom and reconstructing you on the other end have some serious unintended consequences?

Check out these links below for more context on this subject: http://waitbutwhy.com/2014/12/what-ma…

Philadelphia Experiment:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philade…

http://io9.gizmodo.com/5944616/what-r…

http://skepdic.com/philadel.html

Stuff They Don’t Want You To Know

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQGQ8…

http://www.historicmysteries.com/gil-…

What Most People Don’t Get About Climate Change


You’ve probably heard a lot about climate change, and you’ve probably already picked a side in this debate. But things change when you look at it from a big picture perspective.

Visit Green Shortz and learn how to do your part to lead a more sustainable lifestyle. https://www.youtube.com/user/GreenTom…

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